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Amazonite is a gem variety of microcline feldspar, found in granite pegmatite and metamorphic rocks. Usually associated with quartz and albite, its beautiful pale to deep blue green color is caused by copper traces in the mineral. Usually polished as a cabochon, it displays a schiller of light which is caused by inclusions. Schiller is a lustrous reflection from planes in a mineral grain and is similar to what is more commonly known as iridescence. The schiller is caused by a feature of the stone's crystal structure. Orthoclase feldspar and albite are present in close association, arranged in layers. This causes an interference effect of light.

Amazonite derives its name from an early mistaken belief that it was found only in the land of the Amazon women of South America. The gem actually is found in several areas, the Ural Mountains of Russia once being the primary source. Colorado Amazonite was first exhibited at the 1879 World's Fair, and this put an end to the belief that quality Amazonite was only found in the Ural. Fine crystals from Colorado's Pikes Peak area, often associated with Smoky Quartz, make desirable additions to any mineral collection. Gem quality Amazonite is also found in Amelia County, Virginia, at the Moorefield and the Rutherford mines. There is a tale that Marie Antoinette once owned a set of fine Virginia Amazonite jewelry! Amazonite was used by the ancient Egyptians as Amulets and for inscribed tablets. Objects of Amazonite were found in Tutankhamen's tomb. The gem was used by the Mesopotamians and the Assyrians, who used it in ceremonies for their god Bells. Amazonite artifacts from Pre-Columbian Central and South America have also been found.

Amazonite is found in the United States, Brazil, Zimbabwe, Russia, Australia, Namibia. Amazonite is usually light green to blue-green, mottled and sometimes contains light striations. It varies from bright verdigris green to a bluish green.

Metaphysical:
A semi-opaque stone that was used extensively by the Egyptians it is called the stone of courage and is said to be named after the Amazon women warriors. Some archaeological evidence suggests that the Amazonians were a matriarchal society during the Bronze Age.

Amazonite pacifies, soothes, harmonizes. Balances energies, especially male/female. Helps one attune to spiritual dimension. Enhances creative expression, aligns astral bodies, and unifies one with life. Improves self worth. Amazonite is considered a soothing stone that offers confidence and works on the throat chakra. It is called the "hope stone" because it inspires confidence and hope.

Soothes emotions and brings a calm tranquility to the heart. Brings beyond duality, to accept what exists in one's life and understand its purpose more fully. It may open the emotional body to higher vibrations that can seem overwhelming until they are fully integrated. Amazonite gently balances emotions, rational thought and intuition so one may see life clearly. It aids the "inner warrior" and helps with setting goals and standing firm about taking responsibility for one's life and attitudes, to achieve one's true heart's desire. It aids truth and clarity in communication and self-expression, and in problem solving. It eases depression and apprehensive feelings. A stone for harmony and compassion in all relationships, including self-love and acceptance of one's own true unique and individual nature.

 Chakras: Heart and Throat.

Composition: Amazonite is a member of the orthoclase group, a variety of microlene feldspar.
Class: tektosilicate
Specific gravity: 2.56-2.57
Luster: vitreous
Transparency: opaque to translucent
Fracture: conchoidal
Mohs-Scale Hardness: 5-6

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The gemstone Amber is one of the birthstones listed for the Sun Sign for Taurus.

Amber is fossilized resin from trees, mostly that grew about fifty million years ago, in the Eocene and Oligocene Periods. Some deposits have been found that range between 360 and one million years old and belong between the Carboniferous and Pleistocene geological periods. As sticky resin oozed from ancient pine trees, small insects, plant material, feathers and other small objects in the path of the flow became entrapped.  Over time, the resin was encased in dirt and debris and through a process of heat and pressure it fossilized to become amber. 
Copal, known for containing excellent insect specimens, is geologically younger and hasn't fully fossilized into amber. It is usually only thousands of years old, instead of millions of years. There is strong debate about some deposits of African amber as to whether it is copal or true amber. Baltic Amber, named for the region of its source, is the older and finer type that is typically set into jewelry. Amber increases in value with the rarity and perfection of the entrapped object. Complete insect specimens are rare though and command top price.

Amber is very soft, and can be scratched easily.  Bracelets and rings with amber cabochons should be worn with care to prevent marring the stone. Much of the amber used in commercial jewelry is  actually reconstituted which makes it harder and less prone to scratching. Reconstituted and processed amber usually doesn't have natural inclusions.Amber can range in color from dark brown to a light almost clear lemon yellow. Most colors range from golden yellow to honey and deep reds, with very rare findings of green and blue.

Amber rubbed with silk or wool becomes electrically charged, and ancient Greeks called it “Elektra”. It has been found in Neolithic graves in Europe, dating to 15,000 BC. It was popular with the early Greeks and Romans, Phoenicians and Etruscans. It is highly valued in Morocco, Somalia and Egypt and in Tibet and China. Its use is ornamental and protective. Once thought to be the golden rays of the sun congealed by the sea, it brings the joy and happiness of the sun to all who enjoy it’s warmth and beauty. Baltic Amber is most often seen, while Amber from Burma, Sicily, Rumania, Mexico and the Dominican Republic is also available.

Metaphysical:
Amber helps remove energy blockages, strengthens physical body. and is excellent for enhancing altered states of consciousness. It helps balance the Endocrine system and digestion, and stabilize other body organs. With its high vibration, Amber helps open energy channels to aid in raising the Kundalini, and helps connect us to our own fire energy centered in the solar plexus. Used in meditation, it can be used to gain knowledge of past cycles on earth, as it stores ancient DNA. Amber’s vibrant hues are energizing and uplifting. It can be useful as a talisman during dark times of emotional pain or disturbing thoughts, and can help one reconnect with their willpower and personal strengths. Small bits have often been burned as incense.

 Chakra: Solar Plexus.

Composition: Fossilized tree resin,
Specific Gravity: Approximately 1.1 (extremely light and can float in salty water).
Luster: Resinous.
Transparency: Transparent to translucent.
Fracture: Conchoidal.
Streak: White.
Mohs-Scale Hardness: 2.5 - 3.0

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Amethyst is the official birthstone for February as adopted by the American National Association of Jewelers in 1912. It is also the birth stone for the Zodiac sign of Pisces. It is suggested as a gem to give on the 4th, 6th and 17th wedding anniversaries. It is associated with the signs of Pisces, Virgo, Aquarius, and Capricorn.

Amethyst is the purple variety of quartz and the most valued member of the quartz family. It can display a range of shades including deep purple, light lilac, lavender and mauve. Top quality amethyst is a deep medium purple with rose-colored flashes. Its purple color made it a stone of royalty for many thousands of years.

Amethyst can occur as crystals that are six sided on either end. It also forms as drusy which are crystalline crusts covering the host rock. It is found inside geodes and in alluvial deposits all around the world and occurs in both crystalline or massive forms. When manganese is present in clear quartz amethyst is produced, while the amount of iron contained in the specimen accounts for the depth of purple. Most amethyst gemstones on the market today are heat-treated to produce a deeper color and better assure they won't fade over time.

Metaphysical:
Amethyst is named from an ancient myth. Bacchus, the god of wine, declared in a rage that the first person he passes will be eaten by tigers. This turns out to be a beautiful maiden named Amethyst. The goddess Diana quickly turned her into a white stone to save her from the tigers. Regretting his anger, Bacchus poured red wine over the stone as an offering to Diana, so turning the stone purple. Amethyst has long been associated with relieving hangovers, or curing drunkenness, probably as a result of its wine-like color and the Bacchus tale.

Throughout history, Amethyst has been used to guard against drunkenness and is thought to be helpful in overcoming addiction. Used for insomnia, headaches and other pain, and to stabilize mental disorders. A stone of sobriety, it is excellent for meditation. Cuts through illusion. Enhances psychic abilities. Aids channeling abilities. Sedative, protective. Enhances feeling of contentment, and a connection to one's spirituality. Sharpens perception, intuition and wisdom. Worn to make the wearer gentle and amiable.

Chakras: Brow, Crown

Chemical Composition: Silicon Dioxide
Mohs-Scale Hardness: 7

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Angelite is a compressed form of Celestite, formed over millions of years. It is found in Peru, Britain, Mexico, Poland and Egypt. It shares many of Celestite's attributes.

Metaphysical:
A gentle blue color, it is a stone that promotes balance and peace of mind. It is useful for astral travel, and to access the angelic realm and one's higher self. Angelite is a stone for forgiveness, and a protective stone that can help dispel anger. A stone for calmness and courage in speech.

Chakras: Throat and Crown

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Apophyllite is a hydrated potassium calcium silicate. It forms crystals with a color range from clear to pale green, and occurs often with zeolites of hydrothermal origin. Good specimens of this mineral, with Prehnite or Stilbite come from Fairfax County, Virginia. Many beautiful examples are from Poona, India.

Metaphysical:
Apophyllite helps maintain a gentle awareness of the physical dimension while exploring the astral realms for information or guidance. Like a soft flight on angel’s wings, it acts as a bridge between the higher self and the physical, earthly body. It helps honor the sacredness of the body’s wisdom and it’s "Beings”. It can also spark a soft fire of unconditional love for self and others that leads to wisdom. This crystal allows one to see the future, and the pyramids of Apophyllite may be used to enhance energy used for clairvoyance. It is also helpful for communing with water elemental or beings and the divas associated with these particular crystals.

Chakras: Crown and Brow.

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The gemstone Aquamarine is the modern March birthstone as adopted by the American National Association of Jewelers in 1912. It is also the birth stone for the Zodiac sign of Scorpio. It is suggested as a gem to give on the 16th and 19th wedding anniversaries.

Aquamarine is a member of the beryl family and ranges in color from an almost colorless pale blue to blue-green or teal. The most prized color is a deep-blue aqua color. It gets its name from Latin words meaning water and sea. The most valuable aquamarines come from Brazil, but it is also mined in Kenya and Nigeria, Madagascar, Zambia, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Russia. . Aquamarines on the market today are usually faceted, but when cut as a cabochon, they may display a cat's eye effect known as asterism.

Aquamarine is used in fine and beautiful jewelry, the best quality stones coming from alluvial deposits in Brazil and the Ural Mountains. Beautiful specimens have been found in Pakistan. China, India and Madagascar and the U.S. Amelia County, Virginia has wonderful specimens. The old Dobbins Mica Prospect is still a source for rockbound and collector.

Metaphysical:
Aquamarine embodies courage and protection. Aquamarine also stimulates intellect and spiritual awareness. Since early times, aquamarine has been believed to endow the wearer with foresight, courage, and happiness. It is said to increase intelligence and make one youthful. As a healing stone, it is said to be effective as a treatment for anxiety. In the Middle Ages it was thought that aquamarine would reduce the effect of poisons. Associated with the element water and the moon, it is used for divination when placed in a bowl of water and gazed upon. A talismans for protection on journeys on or over water. A stone for world peace.

 Chakra: Throat.

Composition: Beryllium bluminium bilicate; often with sodium, lithium, and cesium.
Crystal system: hexagonal
Fracture: Conchoidal
Luster: Vitreous to resinous
Mohs-Scale Hardness: 7.5 - 8

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Aragonite is a calcium carbonate mineral, which may contain traces of strontium, lead or zinc. A polymorph of calcite, it is found in a variety of environments. It occurs in low temperature hydrothermal veins or as deposits at Hot Springs and precipitates or evaporates from chemicals in sedimentary rocks. It is also found in the shells and skeletons of fossilized sea creatures. The colors are white, yellow or reddish brown, and sometimes pink or blue. The name "Aragonite" comes from the Molina de Aragon in Spain, where it was first found in 1788.

Aragonite occurs worldwide, but the best specimens are the reddish-brown pseudohexagonal crystals from Spain and Morocco, and the delicate white "Flos Ferri" or "flowers of iron" which are found in the Magdelena district of Socorro, New Mexico. The only Aragonite of gem quality for facetted stones was found in Horenec, in the Czech republic. Stalactitic masses occur in Arizona and Mexico. The "cave pearls" of Luray,Va. and other American caves are also Aragonite. Mexican onyx is actually Aragonite. The main deposits are near Tecali in the state of Pueblo. The attractive variegated color bands are caused by traces of iron and manganese oxides in the stone.It is carved across these bands to produce a veined effect. It was used by the native peoples for masks, statuary and other objects. In the 15th century, Bernadino de Sahagun wrote of "iztec chalchihuitl", a fine green and white translucent stone used for carving. In 1876, the stone was introduced to Europe, where it became very popular and sold for exorbitant prices. Near Pueblo, the natives still carve everything from crucifixes to stone fruit or paperweights from it. Pakistan onyx and alabaster are also Aragonite. The lovely lustrous nacre of pearls and the soft glowing mother of pearl are Aragonite formed by sea creatures from calcium in the water.

Metaphysical:
Aragonite's six-sided crystal forms are good meditation stones. They symbolize the hexagram and the Star of David or Solomon's Seal. The crystal clusters show us how the individual relates to the whole universe. They radiate outward from the center as a seed, or individual soul, that grows and manifests itself through life's experiences. They remind us of our center, as new energies enter us or appear around us as life events. They represent our own spiritual and physical growth, from the "seed" of self and how it interacts with the world and life. A talisman to represent this center or "flower" of self, and how we grow in knowledge and strength through myriad life experiences. A good stone for family and companionship, it is also a calming stone which eases inner restlessness and nerves. It is a stabilizer and grounding stone, and aids emotional balance. A centering stone, it directs energy and self-discipline and helps one to persevere and move past old limitations and experience more of what life has to offer. It is also useful as a gem elixir.

Chakras: Root and Spleen.

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Azurite is not known widely as a birthstone, but several references indicate it may have been used as a birthstone for the sign of Taurus. It is foundin Australia, Chile, France, Mexico, Morocco, Nambia, the southwestern USA, and Zaire.

Azurite is an an intense deep blue color. the name is derived from Arabic word azul, meaning blue. It often occurs with malachite, chrysocolla or turquoise in areas with copper deposits. A rare form called "Bluebird", has dark red Cuprite mixed with Azurite.

For thousands of years this stone has been used in jewelry and ornamental objects. During the Middle Ages and Renaissance it was ground into pigment for use in paint and eye shadow.

Metaphysical: Azurite is a “sky stone” and a “third eye” stone. Enables the mind to open to intuitive guidance. Helps become aware of psychic ability. A good meditation stone, which can help with telepathic communication and spirit guide contact.

Chakra: Throat and Brow.

Composition:  Copper Carbonate
Mohs-Scale Hardness: 3 - 4

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Bloodstone is the dark green chalcedony or jasper with red spots, although the red may not always be present. The red is caused by iron oxide inclusions, while the green is chlorite, an iron precipitate. It is formed near the earth's surface, at low temperatures, and occurs in rock cavities as mammillary or botryoidal forms, or crusts.

Bloodstone, or "Blood Jasper" as it was called in medieval times, has been used for centuries to cure various health problems associated with the blood, the liver or kidneys. The cool, wet stone was applied to a wound to help stop blood flow. It was worn by soldiers as amulets for and strength, and to protect against wounds in battle. The stone was also known as "Matyr's Stone", and was thought to have formed from drops of a martyr's blood. It was thought to have special healing powers, particularly in purification from toxins.

In Ancient Babylon, the Bloodstone was used for seals and amulets. Seals and rings of the stone have been worn for centuries, for strength and protection. It also was thought to bring success in legal or business matters, and to attract good health. In Medieval Europe the stone was called "Heliotrope", from an old belief that, when placed in water, it could turn the sun red. Bloodstone was also used by the native peoples of Mexico and Central America, where it was carved into heart shapes and used for problems with the blood or internal organs. Bloodstone is found in the U.S., China, Russia and Australia, but the main ancient and modern source is the Deccan Plateau of India. The gem makes attractive beads and cabochons for jewelry, and is carved into animals, spheres, eggs, and other objects.

Metaphysical:
Bloodstone is a gem for strength. It is a stone for the Heart, to purify the blood and the emotions and to enhance stability during times of chaos before transformation. It encourages the use of caution. It eases and heals anger, impatience and aggression, as it is used to intensify focus upon what a person't true foundations are based upon. It allows for honesty and integrity, and encourages us to remember our roots and stay true to ourselves on our journey. It is a grounding stone, and helps keep our hearts in tune with the earth's resonance. Helpful during shifts of frequency. Allows access to our ancient ancestors, our "blood lines", and helps gain valuable knowledge from their traditions. It may also be used to affirm a commitment to work to improve one’s health, and a desire for long life. It is used for toxin release and balances blood elements, to help with problems of blood and internal organs and circulation. It may be an aid for menstrual problems, help prevent miscarriage and is an aid during childbirth. It helps align the lower Chakras with the heart.

Chakras: Heart, Root and Spleen.

Composition:  Quartz

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Carnelian is one of the birthstones listed in the ancient Arabic, Hebrew, Italian and Roman tables and is a Zodiac birthstone for the signs of Leo and Virgo. It has been associated with the planets Mars and Jupiter, and the element Fire.

Carnelian's name comes from "carne", the Latin for flesh, as it has been associated with passion, earthiness and sensuality for centuries. It forms near Earth's surface, under relatively low heat and pressure. Carnelian's colors range from deep pink, red-brown and orange-red to honey-yellow; from iron oxides in the stone. It is often heat-treated, to enhance color. Used for centuries to carve beautiful cameos; Carnelian is found in Australia, Brazil, Madagascar, Russia, South Africa, and the USA. It has also been called Canary Stone, Mecca Stone or Pigeon Blood Agate.

Metaphysical:
Ancient Egyptians found this stone symbolic of the sun's disk and the Sun God Ra, or the blood of the Goddess Isis. Sometimes thought to assist in resurrection in the after-life, or to protect the traveler after death and guard against evil. Carnelian's is thought to be beneficial in the treatment of infertility. Carnelian is a stone of passion, motivation and courage. It can help transmute negative energies. Helps focus, as it calms emotions of anger, envy and hostility. Eases survival fears and grounds in present reality. Stimulates metabolism. Directs Kundalini.

 Chakras:  Root, Sacral and Spleen

Composition:  Chalcedony (Microcrystalline Quartz)
Transparency: Translucent to opaque
Luster:  Waxy or dull
Mohs-Scale Hardness:  7

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Celestite is a delicate and exquisite crystal, lovely to behold. Corresponding Astrological Sign: Gemini

Celestite is a strontium sulfate, which forms crystal filled cavities in limestone or sandstone sedimentary rock. It was first discovered in the late 18th century in Blair Co. Pennsylvania, and named for it’s beautiful celestine blue color. A minute amount of gold present in the crystal may create this hue. Most Celestite presently available is from Madagascar. Specimens from Pennsylvania, particularly the Mencklen Quarry, are sometimes seen.

Occurrence:Sky-blue colored brittle clusters of crystals, orthorhombic in structure, transparent to translucent. In the U.S. celestite may be found in New York, Ohio, and California. Excellent specimens are currently found in Madagascar. Also called celestine.

Metaphysical:

Clarity of mind and of communications. Energy balancing. Promotes spiritual growth, calmness and harmony. Enhances dream recall and astral travel. Replaces pain with loving light. Aids in forgiveness for self and others, and for a clearer understanding of Earth’s place and purpose in the scheme of things..

Chakras: Brow and Crown.

Composition: Strontium sulfate, sometimes with much Barium.

Mohs-Scale Hardness: 3 - 3.5

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Charoite was first officially recognized as an independent mineral in 1978.

It was formed in a unique geologic event, when limestone’s were altered by an intrusion of magmatic alkaline nephline syenites, which occurred over an area of only about four miles, along the Charo River (after which it takes its name), in the Murun mountains in Yakutia; east-central Siberia (Russia). Colors range from bright lavender, violet and lilac to dark purple with swirling patterns of black Augite, transparent crystals of microcline feldspar, and/or orange Tinaksite.

Charoite is so unusual looking that it is often mistaken for a synthetic. This beautiful and intriguing stone is used extensively in jewelry as an ornamental stone; often carved into boxes, bookends and vases. Used as well in jewelry and beads, it sold at extravagantly high prices when first introduced to the western market.

Metaphysical:
Charoite is said to enhance self-esteem, accelerate spiritual growth, and improve the ability to love. Cleanses and purifies the aura. Encourages self-exploration and new life plans. Helps strive to fulfill dreams. Promotes restful sleep and pleasant dreams. Soothes a restless spirit. Helps cope in times of major life changes. Relieves stress and headache. Helps perception and intuition. Enhances psychic ability. Helps bring magic and spiritual connection into daily life. A stone for inspiration and creative vision. Opens to higher vibrations, and new energies or ideas.

Chakras: Crown, Brow and Heart.

Composition: Hydrous Silicate;
made of potassium/sodium, calcium 

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Chrysocolla is sometimes mistaken for Turquoise. It is a copper bearing mineral found wherever copper deposits occur especially in areas of the southwestern USA, Chili, Zaire, Australia, France and England.

Eliat Stone is a variegated blue and green mixture of chrysocolla and other copper minerals found in the Gulf of Aqaba, near the northwestern end of the Red Sea".

Pure chrysocolla is too soft for jewelry purposes but it is often found in quartz deposits which makes it hard enough to polish for cabochons.  It is often found mixed with malachite, turquoise and azurite. 

The drusy form of chrysocolla is a beautiful Robin's egg blue.

Metaphysical:
Creativity, female energy, communication. Relieves ulcers and arthritis. Calms the mind and heart. Associated with tranquility and peace, intuition, patience, and unconditional love. Offers gentle and soothing qualities. An ally for “speaking one’s truth” with strength and clarity.

Chakras: Throat and Heart.

Composition: Copper silicate
Mohs-Scale Hardness: 2-4

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Chrysoprase (also known as "Australian Jade") is one of the Star Signs for Gemini. Corresponding Astrological Sign: Libra

The gemstone Chrysoprase (often mistaken for Imperial jadeite) is an opalescent apple green colored variety of chalcedony (quartz). Most green stones owe their color to chromium or vanadium, but chrysoprase derives its color from the nickel content. It is the rarest of the chalcedony group. Chrysoprase was also the favorite stone of England's Queen Anne. It remained popular there for years, through Queen Victoria's reign. Important historical sources of the stone were Poland and Czechoslovakia. Modern sources are Australia, Brazil, California and Oregon in the U.S., Africa and India. It was also recently found in Serbia and Kazakhstan.

The name Chrysoprase is from the Greek chrysos and prason for "golden leek" or "golden green". The ancient Greeks and Romans, who carved it into intaglios, signet rings and brooches, valued the stone. It was often associated with the Goddess Venus, and was a talisman to protect the wearer from the evil eye, curses and envy. Alexander the Great was said to always wear Chrysoprase into battles. The Egyptians adorned themselves with Chrysoprase, combined with Lapis Lazuli and other gems, as early as 1500 BC It was also thought to be a stone in the High Priest's Breastplate, and a foundation stone for the New Jerusalem.

Metaphysical: Grace, compassion, acceptance. Helps to balance energies. Gentle, soothing, friendly, spiritual protection. Attracts good luck in new enterprises. Brings abundance and new friends. Prevents depression. Increases grace and equilibrium. Lessens envy and anger. Increases fertility. A stone for gardeners, Chrysoprase allows communication with plant energies and devas, the earth and the spiritual aspects of nature.

Chakras: Heart and Solar Plexus.

Composition: Chalcedony, a variety of quartz (silicon dioxide)

Mohs-Scale Hardness: 7

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The gemstone Citrine is the official birthstone for the month of November as adopted by the American National Association of Jewelers in 1912. It is also the Planetary stone for the Sun Sign of Virgo and the accepted gem for the 13th and 17th wedding anniversary. Corresponding signs are Gemini, Aries, Libra, and Leo.

Citrine is a variety of quartz ranging in colors of yellow, yellow-brown, orange, dark orange-brown, reddish-brown. Iron is the element which gives Citrine its warm golden color. Extreme heat, whether naturally occurring or applied by man, will turn amethyst into a burnt golden color. Technically, it is "burnt amethyst," but is usually categorized as citrine. Citrine crystals can form together with amethyst or smoky quartz to form a bi-colored quartz called ametrine. Some amethyst deposits have been found where the amethyst was changed naturally by high temperatures to brown citrine.

Almost all citrine that is available on the market today is heat-treated amethyst. Natural citrine is pale yellow to pale orange, much lighter than the heat-treated material which is dark orange-brown to reddish-brown. All of the heat-treated material has a red tint, while natural citrine does not.

Most citrine comes from Brazil, but almost all of the Brazilian material is heat-treated amethyst. Natural citrine can also be found in the Ural Mountains of Russia, in Dauphine, France, and in Madagascar. The inexpensive low grade amethyst is heated at high temperatures to produce the popular orange, reddish and sherry colored citrine. Darker colors are considered more valuable, including the medium golden orange and dark sherry-colors.

Citrine may be mistaken for the more expensive orangish-yellow topaz and, at times, may be sold as topaz by dishonest gemstone vendors. Due to this, citrine buyers are sometimes suspicious of any citrine and think it may actually be fake topaz.

Metaphysical:
Citrine is one of the only stones which dissipates negative energy, and never requires cleansing or clearing. Warm energy, promotes optimism. Activates third chakra and creates a cheerful mood. Enhances body's healing energy. Boosts self-confidence and willpower. Good for mental focus, endurance, and self-esteem.  A large crystal or cluster in the home or workplace can help create a happy, abundant energy flow. A stone for prosperity, it is a good one for merchants. Use with affirmations for self-worth, energy and personal power.

Chakras: Spleen and Crown

Composition: A form of Quartz Crystal - Silicon Dioxide

Hardness: 7

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Coral is one of the gemstones of organic origin. It is created by tiny
 anemone like sea creatures, the coral polyps, which remove calcium
 carbonate from the water and deposit it in their tissues as crystalline
 calcite. The coral reefs or atolls are found in warm shallow coastal
 waters. The Mediterranean, Gulf of Biscay, Canary Islands, Malaysia,
 Midway Islands, Japan and Hawaii are all areas where coral is harvested.
 In the past it was harvested by divers, but now a weighted wide-mesh net
 is used to dredge the seabed.
 Torre del Greco, south of Naples, Italy has been the main center of the
 trade and processing of coral for centuries. Over half of the world's
 coral harvest is still processed there. The name coral comes from Greek
 "Korallion", also Gorgeia from the myth of Perseus slaying the Medusa.
 Medusa's drops of blood are said to have become red coral. It was thought
 to be the life essence of the Mother Goddess who lived on a "tree" of
 coral in the ocean.
 Coral colors range from deep red "oxblood" to pale pink Pelle D'Angello,
 or "Angel Skin". Corallium Rubrum or Corallium Nobile, "precious coral",
 is most valued as a gem. Black coral is found in Hawaii, and a blue coral
 is also used for beads and ornaments. Today much coral is harvested in the
 P acific, around Japan and other islands. This coral is larger and has a
 white center that distinguishes it from Mediterranean coral. It is called
 "fiore blanca", or white flower by the Italians. One must also be wary of
 imitations, as some even show false growth rings that fool the buyer.
 Coral has been valued since Paleolithic times. It was a source of wealth
 in some cultures, used to decorate clothing and as jewelry or statues. In
 India, Tibet and China coral is a valued gem. Marco Polo wrote of coral
 accents on Tibetan temples. In China, Red coral hat buttons were used for
 high ranking Mandarins. In early Rome, coral was used to protect children
 from ill health and to drive away evil spirits. It was though that coral
 would fade if the wearer became ill and regain it's deep color when health
 returned. Coral branches were tied to cradles and on babies's necks. It
 was also used in teething, even in Victorian England and America. The
 "coral and bells" was a baby's teething toy that also drove away evil with
 it's sound.
 Women used coral to regulate menstrual cycles, and as an aid in
 childbirth. It was also a talisman against the evil eye and witches,
 lightning strikes and bad dreams, and to protect travelers or ships at
 sea. The Pueblo Indians create red coral fetishes, and Tibetans have
 prayer malas of red coral beads. Hindus believe it to be a blood purifier
 which calms anger, jealousy or hatred.

 Metaphysical Properties: Vibrant red coral is used as a protective amulet.
 It also helps the wearer access inner warrior energy or wildness, to gain
 confidence and be determined to reach goals. It aids decision making, and
 helps in creative projects and visualization. Red coral helps with
 survival issues, and helps motivate one to find the energy and passion
 needed to take a stand in life and do what is necessary. It also attracts
 love and passion, stimulates sexual energy, and may balance emotions to
 create harmony. Pink coral is a gentle heart stone, and blue coral aids
 communication, while black coral also helps remove negativity. Red coral
 is used in FENG SHUI, hung in the home to clear negativity and to protect
 the occupants, and for good luck.

 Chakras: Root, Spleen and Solar Plexus.

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Corresponding Astrological Signs: Pisces and Capricorn

The name fluorite is from the Latin "fluere," which means "to flow," because it melts easily and is used as a flux in the smelting of metallic ores.  Fluorite is used in the manufacture of steel and hydrofluoric acid. Fluorite occurrs in a variety of colors, including colorless, green, blue, purple, magenta, pink, yellow, or a combination of several colors.

Fluorite is calcium fluoride, a mineral that forms in a variety of diverse environments. In hydrothermal veins, it is often associated with lead, zinc or silver ores and found with calcite, barite, galena, sphalerite or other related minerals. Crystals are cubes or octahedron, and it also occurs in massive form.Specimens may be found in Ontario/Canada, China, Mexico, England, Colorado, Illinois, and Kentucky. It is used to produce hydrofluoric acid, and fluoride is used in some toothpaste.

NOTE: Do not leave Fluorite in direct sunlight for long periods. The color will fade! Do not put fluorite under hot water! Be mindful that fluorite is relatively soft stone, and can scratch or chip easily.

Metaphysical:
Offers a stabilizing energy, facilitating order, balance, and healing.  Excellent for clarity of mind, objectivity, concentration, and meditation.  Flourite aids in grasping higher, more abstract concepts, and to be discerning as to the truth or reality of a given situation.  Balances and cleanses intellectual and physical bodies.  Strengthens bones and teeth, and is used for dispelling illness in its early stages. A good stone for the desk and work area, and for the home. It shields the aura and helps ground energies. Purple Fluorite stimulates psychic and spiritual activity; Green Fluorite promotes calm and gentle healing. Blue Fluorite aids clear communications and yellow inspires creativity. All Fluorite for healthy, balanced home or work environment.

Chakras: All

Composition:Calcium Fluoride (mineral), with small amounts of yttrium and cerium.
Mohs-Scale Hardness: 4

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The gemstone Garnet is the official birthstone for January as adopted by the American National Association of Jewelers in 1912. It is also the stone for the Zodiac sign Aquarius. Corresponding Astrological Signs: Leo, Virgo, Capricorn, Aquarius. Garnet may be given as a gem on the 2nd and 6th wedding anniversary. In earlier times, garnets were exchanged as gifts between friends to demonstrate their affection for each other and to insure that they meet again.

Garnet is the name given to a group of Aluminum Silicates with related chemical content and identical crystal structure. Most are found in metamorphic rocks. Pyrope or Bohemian Garnet, and Almandine Garnet are the most widely known and used in jewelry. The "Carbuncle" of medieval times and the Crusades was Almandine Garnet. Warriors to protect against injury in battle and to bring good luck and fortune wore it. It also symbolized the heart and enduring love and friendship. Garnet jewelry was worn as early as the 6th century by the Scythians, and Pliny first called the stone Carbuncle. In 16th century Bohemia, it was worn against evil spells. It was believed to protect the wearer from enemies and thieves, and to bring love.

Garnets are found in the U.S. (Arizona), South Africa, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Myanmar (Burma), Scotland, Switzerland and Tanzania . Garnets are formed when high temperatures and/or pressure is a factor and geologists often use garnets as a gauge of the amount of temperature and pressure that was present during their formation. Garnet occurs in every color except blue and most varieties are named for their color. Rhodolite is a purplish red, hessonite is the name for an orange, cinnamon, or pinkish variety. Tsavorite is the name given to dark green grossularite. Uvarovite and demantoid are also green varieties. Pyrope garnets are purplish red, orangy red, crimson, or dark red. Spessartite garnets range from yellow and orange through red to reddish brown to dark black/brown. Color change garnets exhibit a "alexandrite-like" effect when viewed in natural light or artificial lighting

Metaphysical:
Garnet is the stone of health, commitment, devotion, and passion. Stimulates Kundalini, assists in flow of energy. Garnet's powers include healing, strength, and protection and it is often worn to relieve inflammations of the skin. It is also believed to regulate the heart and blood flow and aid in curing depression. A stone of passion and of transformation. It helps in release of old patterns and gives courage to begin anew. It also helps control anger. A stone for purity of heart, it is symbolic of love and loyalty. It aids in childbirth and with menstrual problems, and has long been associated with the blood. In meditation, Garnet is used to focus on grounding the self in the root of one's true beliefs.

Chakras: Root and Heart

Composition: A group of aluminum silicates and calcium silicates.
Mohs-Scale Hardness: 6.5 - 7.5

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Jet is fossilized wood, lignite coal formed in the Jurassic Period. Like
 Amber, it becomes electrically charged when rubbed, and it has been called
 “Black Amber”. It is easily carved and polished, and was associated with
 mourning in Victorian times.

 Metaphysical Properties: Similar to Obsidian. A protective stone which
 absorbs negativity, a stabilizer during adversity and good for divining
 and psychic awareness. In old Ireland, fisherman’s wives burned Jet to aid
 in their husband’s safe return from sea. In Crystal healing work, Jet is
 useful for aligning the lower Chakras.

 Chakra: Root.

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Kunzite is a lithium aluminum silicate. It is the pink to lilac variety of
 Spodumene, found in granite pegmatite rock, often associated with
 Lepidolite, Tourmaline, Beryl or Albite. A colorless Spodumene called
 Triphane is mined as an ore for Lithium salts used in industry. A green
 Spodumene, Hiddenite, is found in North Carolina.
 Kunzite was first found in 1902, in San Diego County, California. It was
 named for the famed geologist George F. Kunz, who first described this
 mineral. The name "Spodumenos" is from the Greek, and refers to some
 Spodumene's "burnt to ash" color. Kunzite's beautiful soft pink or lilac
 hues are caused by manganese. This lovely color may fade over time,
 particularly if exposed to bright light. Kunzite displays a form of
 luminescence, and will phosphoresce after exposure to ultraviolet light.
 The Etta Mine in the Black Hills of South Dakota was the source of the
 largest Spodumene crystal ever found. It was 42' long, 5' wide and weighed
 over 90 ton unknown to the ancients, Kunzite is a modern gem now used in
 jewelry and much admired.

 Metaphysical Properties: Kunzite's lovely pink vibration is useful to
 soothe the heart. It eases tension and stress, and one's responses to
 daily pressures. It is a gem to use in solitude, when one needs quiet and
 peace and self-nurturing. It also helps one to accept situations in life,
 which are beyond one's control, and may lead to a gentle surrender to the
 ways of spirit to handle matters. Kunzite's energy helps one to work with
 the angelic realm and the divine love available to all. Similar to Rose
 Quartz, yet with a more ethereal vibration. A meditation stone, useful to
 access the purity of one's inner heart, and to inspire self-expression of
 one's true feelings. It helps combine logic with intuition. It is useful
 to remove one's resistance to getting necessary tasks accomplished.
 Kunzite may be used to ease nervous disorders and emotional problems.
 Passed over the body, it helps release stress in the energy field, and
 nerves and muscles.

 Chakras: Heart and Brow.

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